Immunotherapy for tobacco addiction may offer a safe, alternative treatment if the
immunogenicity of the current nicotine vaccines can be improved. We show here that
intradermal (ID) immunization induces the production of antibody directed against nicotine
(NicAb) at a much higher level than conventional intramuscular (IM) immunization. The
magnitude and duration of NicAb production was further increased robustly by non-
inflammatory laser vaccine adjuvant (LVA), slightly inflammatory monophosphoryl lipid A …